Propaganda techniques

In their book Propaganda and Persuasion, authors Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell define propaganda as the "deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist".

[1] Harold D. Laswell's definition targets even more precisely the technical aspect: "Propaganda in the broadest sense is the technique of influencing human action by the manipulation of representations.

[4] Common media for transmitting propaganda messages include news reports, government reports, historical revision, junk science, books, leaflets, movies, social media, radio, television, and posters.

Less common nowadays are the cow post envelopes, examples of which have survived from the time of the American Civil War.

In the case of radio and television, propaganda can exist on news, current-affairs or talk-show segments, as advertising or public-service announcement "spots" or as long-running advertorials.

Generally these messages will contain directions on how to obtain more information, via a web site, hot line, radio program, etc.

Anti-capitalist propaganda
"Comrade Lenin Cleanses the Earth of Filth" by Viktor Deni . November 1920
Propaganda to urge immigrants to move to California, 1876
"Getting What He Deserves" American anti-Catholic cartoon from Heroes of the Fiery Cross 1928
World War I poster by Winsor McCay , urging Americans to buy Liberty Bonds
The Finnish Maiden - personification of Finnish nationalism
"The Conquest or Arrival of Hernán Cortés in Veracruz", 1951, National Palace, Mexico City. Diego Rivera 's political murals depict a modern interpretation of the Black Legend .
Anti-Muslim propaganda in Germany produced during the Ottoman wars in Europe , 16th century
Illustration by Rev. Branford Clarke from Heroes of the Fiery Cross by Bishop Alma White published by the Pillar of Fire Church 1928 in Zarephath, NJ
In 1807, William Cobbett wrote how he used red herrings to lay a false trail, while training hunting dogs—an apocryphal story that was probably the origin of the idiom.
Nationalist slogan " Brazil , love it or leave it", often used during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985)
"The Bulgarian Martyresses", 1877 painting by the Russian painter Konstantin Makovsky depicting the rape of Bulgarian women by Ottoman troops during the suppression of the April Uprising a year earlier, served to mobilize public support for the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) waged with the proclaimed aim of liberating the Bulgarians.