This subfamily is defined as those species having cluster roots, solitary ovules and indehiscent fruits.

Protea roupelliae is found in eastern South Africa, on the quartzite ridges of Johannesburg, in the Waterberg Biosphere and northwards into Zimbabwe.

The hamiltonii subspecies is restricted to quartzite soils where clay has been leached at 1300 metres altitude.

[3] The roupelliae subspecies is more adaptable and may grow in a variety of soils at varying altitudes (0-2400m), and is more widespread.

P. roupelliae is pollinated by many species such as beetles, bees and sunbirds; Gurney's sugarbird has a close relationship with the plant.