The protected areas of South Africa include national parks and marine protected areas managed by the national government, public nature reserves managed by provincial and local governments, and private nature reserves managed by private landowners.
Special nature reserves are highly protected areas from which all people and human activities are excluded, except for conservation and scientific research.
The Prince Edward Islands, which are South African territories in the Southern Ocean, have been declared as a special nature reserve.
The Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area, involving South Africa, Mozambique and Swaziland, is planned to be formed from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the Nsubane Pongola, Songimvelo-Malolotja and Usuthu-Tembe-Futi TFCAs.
There are 30 designated Ramsar sites in South Africa: World heritage sites in South Africa are protected by the World Heritage Convention Act (Act 49 of 1999).