Public spaces protection order

They have been criticised as restricting freedoms and having a disproportionately severe effect on people below the poverty line.

In 2018 there were 9,930 fixed penalty notices issued, 60% of which were from four councils: Peterborough, Bedford, Hillingdon and Waltham Forest.

[7] A PSPO placing restrictions on dog-walking was challenged via judicial review issued in Richmond upon Thames resulting in orders related to causing annoyance and damage to council property being removed.

This affirmed the principle that PSPOs are intended to target antisocial rather than annoying behaviours.

Examples include: In 2015, Hackney Council attempted to introduce a PSPO which would have banned rough sleeping.