Rupahihat are to the north, Barhampur and Nagaon in the west, Chalchali in the south and Rongagorah and Samaguri in the east.
During the colonial period, the headquarters of the district was initially established in Puranigudam, as a result of the Kolong river providing easy access to the area.
The old minaret was built with mortar composed by mixing duck eggs, white sticky rice (bora saul) and split black gram (mati dali).
During the Assam Movement, a company of Central Reserve Police Force was stationed in the Bapuji Bhawan (a community hall established by the Freedom Fighters of Puranigudam, used mainly for cultural activities).
The area comes under Barhampur constituency of Assam Legislative Assembly, from which till now no candidate from Indian national Congress had won the general election.
There are several other smaller communities also (like the businessmen from Marwar, who are living with peace for last 40–50 years, and most of them speak Assamese; some Ahom population towards south; some tea-tribes and others).
Sugarcane, Jute, pulses, Rapeseed and Mustard, some vegetables and fruits are also grown, mostly for local consumption.
Due to the presence of large number of omnivorous wild monkeys, extent of cultivation of vegetables and fruits are also decreasing.
There are a few marshy areas, some private fresh-water ponds and the Kolong river, as the source of the fishes, which are also mostly used to fulfill the local demands.
Few broiler-chicken farms, established in private basis, also supply some part of the demand for animal protein.
In last few decades, in line with the entire state, with increase in population and unemployment, the economy and living standards are declining.