[1][2][3] Since 5 November 2012, following the 2012 Dutch general election, the VVD has been the senior partner in the second Rutte cabinet, a grand coalition Purple government with the PvdA.
The term "purple plus the Bible" had already been used in February that year, when the same parties reached an agreement on modernising the housing market.
Then-Minister of Finance, Jeroen Dijsselbloem (PvdA) called D66, CU and SGP his "most beloved opposition parties".
In a September 2022 interview, Bart de Wever, mayor of Antwerp, described Belgium as currently "purple-green".
Those governments have been formed by social democratic SDP and centre-right liberal conservative NCP.