'people of the bend'[1][note 1]) are a Lushootseed-speaking Southern Coast Salish people indigenous to the Puget Sound region of Washington state.

Following the controversial treaty, they participated in the Puget Sound War, eventually resulting in the 1856 Fox Island Council which increased the size of their reservation.

Among the Southern Coast Salish, the nations are linked by strong cultural, linguistic, ceremonial, and family ties.

[6] The peoples of the Puget Sound traditionally classed themselves into broader ethnic units stemming from their relationships to the land.

The village was originally located along that channel, but moved to the contemporary confluence after the river's flow changed.

According to Puyallup oral tradition, whales were trapped inland, and in their attempts to gain access to the sound, they created the valley through which the Stuck flows.

It was suspected she was a c̓iyatkʷuʔ, or at least captured by the c̓iyatkʷuʔ, creatures in indigenous Puget Sound folk tales which stalk the forests at night, whistling to imitate birds.

When she was spotted, the only word she could be heard saying was the name of the stream, or, alternatively, the upper Puyallup River.

[9][16] Tkwakwamish (Lushootseed: dxʷxʷaq̓ʷəbš)[17] is the broad term for all the villages along the upper Puyallup drainage system, including the Carbon River, according to some anthropologists.

Specifically, it is the name of a group of people whose village was located north-west of Orting, near where Vogt Creek enters the Carbon River.

This village, although it was Tkwakwamish and Puyallup, was closely allied with the Green River peoples (Such as the Skopamish and Yilkoamish) and the Snoqualmie, and were much closer related to them than their downriver neighbors.

Their territory covered southern Vashon Island and much of the coastline west of the Tacoma Narrows, until Carr Inlet.

[21] Their main village was located at txʷaalqəɬ, 'place where deer exists',[20] what is now Gig Harbor, and was founded many generations before the contact period by Puyallup people, likely from the sx̌ax̌ƛ̕abš group.

[2] The hasty treaty negotiations, poor reservation conditions, and persecution and outright murder of Native people resulted in growing tensions between several tribes and the United States.

During this period, the United States forced non-combatant Puyallup to be confined to Squaxin Island, to segregate them from the "hostiles".

[25] The war ended with the 1856 Fox Island Council, where a new treaty between the Puyallup and the United States was negotiated, which expanded or relocated the reservations previously established in the Treaty of Medicine Creek, in addition to the formation of the Muckleshoot Reservation.

The floor was dug out and replaced with stone, upon which cedar twigs and bark were laid to make a fire.

It was also an act of ritual purification for a myriad of scenarios: after intercourse, contact with blood (including menstruation and childbirth), or the murder of another, as preparation for hunting or gambling, before taking on a spirit quest, as an act of mourning, and in general, from a desire for spiritual purification.

[30] The traditional diet of the Puyallup was diverse, employing a mix of fish, meat, shellfish, berries, nuts, and other plants.

Traditionally, fish were caught in a variety of ways, including with line and hook, traps, rakes, and spears.

Skills, property, good health, even personality traits were believed to be obtained through a partnership with one or several powers.

In pre-colonial times, children went on a spirit journey to obtain a power when they reached maturity, undergoing a period of fasting, ritual bathing, and undertaking difficult tasks to prove oneself.

[34] sqəlalitut powers helped one gain prestige in social life, and also were believed to cause people to develop certain personality traits.

Membership in a class was determined by one's prestige, accumulated through bloodlines, property, reputation, deeds, and authority.

The second way was through being a respected and well-liked public figure; a diplomat and leader who could take charge and advance the well-being of themself and others.

[25] The Puyallup Tribe is governed by the Tribal Council (Twulshootseed: sk̓ʷapad ʔə tiiɫ siʔiʔab, lit.

During the festivities, other activities other than the main display of gift-giving would occur, such as marriages, guests giving gifts between each other, gambling, games, speeches, and singing.

[43] Anthropologists Hermann Haeberlin and Erna Gunther believed that the potlatch was not an indigenous practice among the Puyallup.