After graduating from the school, Malyshev was promoted to praporshchik with seniority on 1 June and placed on the rolls of the 197th Reserve Infantry Regiment as a junior officer of the 14th company.

Demobilized, Malyshev began work as an assistant ticket clerk at the Berendeyevo station of the Yaroslavl railway in February 1918.

In the summer of 1919 the division was sent to the Southern Front, where it fought in battles against the Armed Forces of South Russia in the area of Oboyan and Sudzha.

In the fall the division fought in the Orel–Kursk operation and the capture of Dmitrovsk, and in January 1920 in the suppression of anti-Soviet resistance in the area of Glukhov, Putivyl, and Konotop.

In April Malyshev was appointed assistant commander for personnel of the 58th Rifle Regiment, fighting in the Polish–Soviet War on the Western Front, then in the suppression of the forces of Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz in the area of Ovruch and the Makhnovists in Poltava Governorate.

After the city fell to the German advance, Malyshev was arrested and placed under investigation until March 1942, when he was released for lack of evidence and placed at the disposal of the Military Council of the Western Front.

By decisive actions, they inflicted heavy losses on the German forces and drove them back to the southern bank of the Zhizdra.

[1] In October Malyshev was transferred to serve as deputy commander of the 16th Army, during which it fought in heavy defensive battles on the left wing of the Western Front in the area of Sukhinichi.

He was again placed at the disposal of the Main Personnel Directorate in September 1954, then appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the Volga Military District for air defense in January 1955.