The peninsula was named after Queen Margrethe II of Denmark on 16 April 1990 on the occasion of her 50th birthday.

[2] In 1932 a Norwegian hunting station was built at the southern end of Hochstetter Foreland, on the western shore of Peters Bay, by the mouth of Ardencaple Fjord.

It was named Jonsbu (Jónsbú) after Norwegian trapper John Schjelderup Giæver (1901–1970).

[2] Queen Margrethe II Land is bounded in the west by the Ejnar Mikkelsen Glacier, in the north by the Bessel Fjord, in the east by the Greenland Sea, in the southeast by the Shannon Sound —with Shannon Island across it to the east, and in the south by the Ardencaple Fjord and the Bredefjord.

[6] The main mountains in the peninsula are Møbius Bjerg and Schneekoppe in the north and the Barth Range, Matterhorn and Wildspitze in the southern area.