It is native to the Himalayas and nearby mountains in Tibet, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan,[3] where it is referred to as kharsu.

[7] In its native range, it serves as a keystone species, exhibiting up to 80% dominance at elevations between 2700 and 3300 meters.

[4] In areas where less degradation has occurred, Q. semecarpifolia reduces light at the forest floor, encouraging the growth of shade tolerant herbaceous species.

[4] Local people make use of kharsu more frequently than other native oaks for food, animal fodder, fuel, and timber.

[8] Its leaves are also known to support Antheraea proylei silk worms, goats,[9] and prevent slug infestations.