Revolt of the papier timbré

Unlike in the War of Devolution, after a rapid advance the French army was stopped by the Dutch deliberately breaching the dykes and flooding the land.

[2] In the 1660s and 70s it entered a phase of economic difficulties, largely linked to the first effects of Louis XIV's policy of economic warfare, the simultaneous increase in taxes and structural weaknesses:[3] for example, a 66% reduction in the wine and canvas trade after the duc de Chaulnes (nicknamed an hoc'h lart, "the fat pig", in Breton),[4] governor of Brittany[5] reduced the land revenues (fermages) and those on wine and canvas by a third, leading to general deflation, except offices.

This view however is disputed by Jean Meyer who noted that it is "questionable" whether there was any significant relation between the areas in which domain congéable operated and those in which the rebellion erupted.

[12] The new charges involved more expense for small farmers and townspeople compared to the privileged classes,[11] and implied an introduction of gabelle.

[13] Ne s’étonnait de voir, douce femme rêvant, Blêmir au clair de lune et trembler dans le vent, Aux arbres du chemin, parmi les feuilles jaunes, Les paysans pendus par ce bon duc de Chaulnes, Vous ne preniez souci des manants qu’on abat Par la force, et du pauvre écrasé sous le bât.