Caves, canyons, mesas, sinkholes and ravines are also very common in this type of geology and can be encountered within the forest limits.

Some of the most common plant species are the ceiba or kapok (Ceiba pentandra), algarrobo (Samanea saman), jobo (Spondias mombin), maga (Thespesia grandiflora), tabaiba (Sapium laurocerasus), cohoba (Cojoba arborea), and white fiddlewood (Vitex divaricata).

The forest is also home to one of the four remaining populations of Daphnopsis hellerana, which only grows on limestone, erubia (Solanum drymophilum), palo de rosa (Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon), and the critically endangered nigua (Cornutia obovata).

It is also a key protected habitat to the endangered Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) and a number of 60 individuals is estimated to live in the area.

The forest is also home to the José Luis Vivaldi Lugo Aviary, dedicated to the breeding of the endangered Puerto Rican parrot for the purpose of developing a healthy population in the area; 43 individuals have been released into the wild as of 2007.