The R-26 was a second-generation intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) designed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Its control system was designed at NPO "Electropribor"[2] (Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR).

Design of the R-26 was initiated to develop a light liquid propellant powered ICBM.

Designs received approval in 1960, but prior to flight tests were cancelled by the government in 1962.

The missile was revealed during a Red Square parade in November 1964, where it was misidentified as an R-9 Desna.