R v. S (RD), [1997] 3 SCR 484, is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision which established rules governing reasonable apprehension of judicial bias in the court system and the consideration of social context, such as systemic racism, when rendering judgement.

On October 17, 1993, in the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, a black youth was arrested—referred to in the case under the pseudonym "S"—for allegedly assaulting the police officer Stienburg while he was attempting to arrest another individual.

The youth, on the other hand, alleges that he stopped his bike to see what the police officer was doing, as a crowd had amassed at the scene.

The youth recognised the individual being arrested and asked him repeatedly if he should call his mother, not once addressing the officer.

All judges of every race, colour, religion, or national background are entitled to the same presumption of judicial integrity and the same high threshold for a finding of bias.