Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Air Force ROTC units are detachments with the students organized into wings, groups, squadrons and flights.
Some of the summer training that is offered to cadets in the Army ROTC program are: Airborne, Air Assault, Mountain Warfare, WHINSEC and other related schools.
In addition to their mandatory 20 day Field Training (FT) at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, typically between their sophomore and junior year.
Air Force ROTC cadets are also eligible for Airborne training under the tutelage of the Army at Fort Moore, Georgia.
Partridge, who founded Norwich in Northfield, Vermont in 1819 as the "American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy," promoted the idea of "citizen soldiers," men trained to act in a military capacity when their nation required but capable of fulfilling standard civilian functions in peacetime.
Present to testify as an advocate of a Reserve Engineers Corps, he expanded his remarks to argue in favor of the "Ohio Plan".
Mershon noted: Congress agreed, and the ROTC provision was included in the final version of the National Defense Act of 1916.
The National Defense Act of 1920 continued ROTC, and by the end of 1921, about 180 senior division programs were active at civilian and military colleges and universities.
Only six Air Corps programs were ever established; they produced few graduates, and all were eliminated in 1936 and replaced with less expensive units, mostly infantry, at other schools.
The camps lasted four weeks and served as a training, orientation, and leadership evaluation opportunity for the cadets.
Once a cadet completed the four-year course and the summer camp, he was offered a commission as a second lieutenant if the school's Professor of Military Science and Tactics considered the young man of sufficient character and ability to serve as an officer in the Army of the United States.
In 1926-1927, the War Department also authorized Reserve officers to be assigned to "Regular Army Inactive" (RAI) units.
A formal affiliation program between many RAI units, including nearly all of the infantry regiments, and nearby schools was initiated.
By the end of 1942, 140,000 officers holding Reserve commissions through various paths were on active duty, but by that date, 12,100 who had been previously commissioned "had not received such orders," mainly for reasons like being over-age in grade, found medically disqualified for active service, deferred due to academics or civilian employment, or lack of vacancies.
On 6 February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9049, which ordered "into the active military service of the United States...for the duration of the present war and for six months after the termination thereof...each of the organizations and units and all of the personnel of the Organized Reserve not already in such service;" because most Reserve officers were already on active duty, this amounted to a “public relations” document.
The basic ROTC curriculum was kept intact as part of the military indoctrination for the Army Specialized Training Reserve Program for 17 year olds.
However, because of the protests connected with opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, compulsory ROTC was dropped in favor of voluntary programs.
However, with few exceptions (as outlined in both Army regulations and federal law) it is required of students attending the senior and junior military colleges.
Additional scholarships are available depending on the Cadet's involvement in the Army National Guard, Reserves, or intentions to become Active-Duty status after graduation.
Campus-based three-year, two-and-a-half-year, and two-year scholarships are available for students already enrolled in a college or university with three (or two) academic years remaining.
Typically the summer between the academic junior and senior years of school, Cadets attend Advance Camp at Fort Knox, Kentucky.
Other national armed forces in countries with strong historical ties to the United States have ROTC programs.
[38] Students who joined the SATC received the rank of private in the army,[38] and some advanced to leadership roles including sergeant.
