The RT-20P[2][3] was an experimental intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed but not deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

In the late 50s, the USSR started studying the usage of solid rocket motors and other modern technologies such as turbojets in ICBMs to improve their performance.

From 1961 to 1962, several concepts of the missile were proposed at OKB-586 and in 1963 development was transferred to their R&D, with the ultimate goal of creating an ICBM with a total mass of no more than 30 tons.

In 1964, preliminary design of the missile was completed and test firings of the engines commenced in 1965.

[6] Despite never being deployed, the missile provided the groundwork for other mobile ICBMs, such as the RT-21 Temp 2S and the RT-2PM Topol.