RWM

It is controlled by All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Physical-Engineering and Radiotechnical Metrology, and operated by Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network.

Between 0 and 8 minutes past the hour, RWM transmits a straight unmodulated carrier wave.

Between 10 and 20 minutes past the hour, RWM transmits a pulse of carrier every second, with the difference between UT1 and UTC in units of one-fiftieth of a second encoded onto the once-per-second pulses.

Between 20 and 30 minutes past the hour, RWM transmits 10 carrier pulses each second.

Positive values are encoded by double pulses during seconds 21–24 of each minute.

A 30-second recording of RWM received at 1948 UTC on March 31st 2013 in the UK .