Rais

Other terms such as malik or zamindar also appeared as 'landlords', ‘landowners, or 'taxers', even though these titles implied that the individual who bore them was more ruler than proprietor.

[2] From Arabic, via Persian, this word came into Urdu as raees, which means a person belonging to the aristocracy of noble distinction.

[3] In Urdu, the word Rais is also used similarly to the English term "old money," as the opposite or antonym of nouveau riche, a person who has accumulated considerable wealth within his or her generation.

In a New York Times op-ed, commentator Bret Stephens referred to late Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat as "the rais.

The title of president was seen as the last remaining symbol of federalism following the centralization reforms under Vladimir Putin.