It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

In 1476, there were seven counties in this voivodeship: Sandomierz, Wislica, Checiny, Opoczno, Stezyca and Radom.

Boundaries of Radom County remained unchanged for centuries, until the Partitions of Poland.

kilometers, with such towns, as Ilza, Skaryszew, Szydlowiec, Wierzbnik, Skrzynno, Sieciechow, Solec nad Wisla and Kozienice.

In the Second Polish Republic, Radom County was part of Kielce Voivodeship (1919–39).