Drăgușin started out his senior career with the reserves of Italian club Juventus in 2020, and later that year registered his debut for the first team, aged 18.

[4] He played at the club for four years before its dissolution, and then moved to Regal Sport București where he was teammates with Octavian Popescu and Luca Florică among others.

[7] On 25 January 2020, midway through the 2019–20 Serie C season, Drăgușin made his debut for Juventus U23 against Pro Patria by coming on as a 36th-minute substitute for Raffaele Alcibiade.

[7] He made his club and European debut on 2 December, appearing as a substitute in a 3–0 home victory over Dynamo Kyiv in the UEFA Champions League group stage.

[22] On 11 January 2024, amid reports of transfer offers from Tottenham Hotspur and Bayern Munich, Drăgușin joined the former by signing a contract until June 2030.

[33] The following year, he started in all ten matches of the Euro 2024 qualifiers, helping his nation top Group I with a single defeat by Belgium.

[35] He started in all four matches of the tournament, forming a defensive partnership with Andrei Burcă, as the nation won its group but was eliminated by the Netherlands in the round of 16.

[36] Drăgușin scored his first senior international goal for Romania on 12 October 2024, in a 3–0 away defeat of Cyprus counting for the 2024–25 edition of the Nations League.

A tall and physical centre-back, Drăgușin has cited Virgil van Dijk as a point of reference, with whom he has since been compared for his confidence in possession and positional sense.