The settlement received town privileges based on Chełmno rights in 1400 from Mazovian Prince Siemowit IV.

A castle built on the bank of Wkra river during the period was completely destroyed during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century.

Jews began to settle in Radzanów (Yiddish: ראדזאנוב) in considerable numbers around the second half of the 18th century[6][7] as a result of a privilege issued by the town's owner Dorota Niszczycka, the Chamberlain of Płock from the Karczewski clan.

[9] The cemetery, which was established in 1765 near the Wkra river (7,500 sq m in size), was levelled by the German occupiers in World War II and all the tombstones were removed.

In the second half of the 19th century the Kehilla built a brick synagogue designed by S. Kmita with Moorish-style motifs, in place of the original wooden one.

The Jewish community (population 532 by 1900)[15] was completely destroyed in the Holocaust, with about 200 of its members deported in January 1942 to the ghetto in Mława, and from there to Treblinka and Auschwitz death camps in November 1942.