He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Ollanta Humala from 28 July 2011[2] until he resigned on 14 May 2013, after the diplomatic crisis with Venezuela and the government of Nicolás Maduro.

During his stay at said university, he was an instructor of Spanish (1962) and auxiliary professor of sociology (1966) at the Faculty of Letters, and, in addition, president of the Federation of Students (Fepucp) in 1965.

Roncagliolo was a keen supporter of the leftist military dictatorship of general Juan Velasco Alvarado and defended its confiscation of the Peruvian newspapers in 1974.

[5][6][7] In the exercise of this position, Roncagliolo proposed to implement an active diplomacy projecting outwards the sum of the different internal sectoral policies and in coherence with a policy of social inclusion, taking into account that Peru is interconnected and inserted in the globalized world where economic and political crises affect all countries.

[8] President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza 2nd Vice President: Omar Chehade (Resigned) Prime Minister: Salomon Lerner (July-Dec 2011) Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Daniel Mora Agriculture: Miguel Caillaux Labor: Rudecindo Vega Women: Aída García-Naranjo Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: Kurt Burneo Development and Social Inclusion: Kurt Burneo Health: Alberto Tejada Noriega Energy and Mines: Carlos Herrera Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Oscar Valdés Justice: Francisco Eguiguren Environment: Ricardo Giesecke Culture: Susana Baca President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza 2nd Vice President: Omar Chehade (resigned) Prime Minister: Oscar Valdés Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Luis Alberto Otárola Agriculture: Luis Ginocchio Labor: José Villena Women: Ana Jara Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: José Urquizo Development and Social Inclusion: Carolina Trivelli Health: Alberto Tejada Noriega Energy and Mines: Jorge Merino Tafur Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Daniel Lozada (resigned) William Calle Justice: Juan Jiménez Mayor Environment: Manuel Pulgar Vidal Culture: Luis Peirano President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza Prime Minister: Juan Jiménez Mayor Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Peter Cateriano Bellido Agriculture: Milton Von Hesse Labor: José Villena Women: Ana Jara Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: José Urquizo Development and Social Inclusion: Carolina Trivelli Health: Midori de Habich Energy and Mines: Jorge Merino Tafur Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Wilfredo Pedraza Justice: Eda Rivas Environment: Manuel Pulgar Vidal Culture: Luis Peirano