He is a National Science Chair of the Government of India, hosted by the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta,[1] after his superannuation from the same institute in 2021 as a professor in the higher academic grade.

He is also an emeritus scientist of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi.

Mukerjee completed his BSc (Hons) and MSc degrees in Statistics at the University of Calcutta, with rank first in the first class in each case.

[2] After completing his university education, Mukerjee taught briefly at University of Calcutta and then at the Indian Statistical Institute, where he was awarded an out-of-turn promotion to full professorship at the age of thirty three.

[3] Mukerjee has been on the editorial boards of such major international journals as The Annals of Statistics, Biometrika, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, and Statistica Sinica.