The rainbow parrotfish (Scarus guacamaia) is a species of fish in the family Scaridae.

[2] The rainbow parrotfish has a relatively wide distribution in the western Atlantic, and can be found from Bermuda through South Florida, the Bahamas and the Caribbean to Venezuela.

It inhabits coral reefs, mangroves and sea grass beds in shallow waters, at depths of 3–25 m.[1][2] S. guacamaia is primarily a detritivore, feeding on detritus, bacterial colonies and meiofauna but also taking sponges.

[1] S. guacamaia was formerly classified as vulnerable due to overfishing and habitat loss, but because the presently available data do not allow an estimate of the population decline, it is now considered near threatened by the IUCN.

The rainbow parrotfish is widely harvested in subsistence fisheries in many parts of the Caribbean.