it is a narrow, 32 kilometres (20 mi) to 64 kilometres (40 mi) wide strip of land sandwiched between the Indus River on the east and the Sulaiman Mountains on the west.

Most of its inhabitants are Saraikis and Baloch with a smaller proportion being Punjabis.

Rajanpur was founded by Sheikh Rajan Shah,[4][5] the makhdum of Sitpur, in about 1732.

[4] The settlement remained a largely unimportant village until flooding in 1862 severely damaged the nearby district headquarters at Mithankot  – leading to the transfer of government offices to Rajanpur.

[4] A small dispensary clinic was established in Rajanpur that same year.