There are no images inside the sanctum, and hence it is not associated with a specific sect of Hinduism but broadly classified as Shaivite based on the niches.

[6] Scholars believe based on the style that the temple might have been built by Somavamshi kings and queens who migrated from Central india to Orissa during the period.

[9] Amalaka (also called mastaka), a stone disk with ridges on the rim, is placed over the bada (tower) of the temple.

The lowermost division, called the pabhaga, has five decorative mouldings, namely, khura, kumbha, patta, kani and basanta.

The best-preserved sculptures of the temple are the standing ashtadikpalas on the central facade of kanika, appearing on the jangha portion of the bada clad in diaphanous drapery.

There are tall, slender, sophisticated nayikas gracing the walls of the sanctum depicted in various roles and moods in amorous dalliance with actions such as turning their head from an emaciated ascetic, fondling her child, holding a branch of tree, attending to her toilet, looking into mirror, taking off her anklet, caressing her pet bird and playing instrument.

[1] The historian M. M. Ganguly examined the Khuraprista (upper plinth), which is carved like a lotus with its petals, and described the temple as possibly dedicated to Vishnu.

But Rajarani Temple bears a peculiar name[clarification needed] and contains no images of any deity inside the sanctum.

There are certain features of the temple which indicates a Shaivite origin such as the presence of Shaiva doorkeepers: Prachanda and Chanda, Dvarapla[clarification needed] with jatamukha, and a garland of skulls and a snake.

[7] The image of Lakulisha, the founder of the Pashupatha sect of Shaivisim, in a seated posture with yogamuthra along with his disciples, is found in the lintel of the jagamohana.

There are three panels on the facade of the main temple showing images of Shiva dancing with his consort Parvati in the company of attendants playing musical instruments.

A carving depicting the marriage of Shiva and Parvati is on the western side[clarification needed] below the central niche.

[7] The Department of Tourism of the Government of Odisha organises a Rajarani music festival at the temple every year from 18 to 20 January.