They were the most westerly Ngarrindjeri, living in the area around Encounter Bay and Goolwa in southern South Australia,[2] including Victor Harbor and Port Elliot.
[3] Ramindjeri Heritage Association Inc asserts historical territory including Karta (Kangaroo Island) and the whole southern portion of the Fleurieu Peninsula, extending as far north as Noarlunga or even the River Torrens.
[5] David Horton's map as hosted online by AIATSIS, based largely on Norman Tindale's work, shows Kaurna down the west side of the Fleurieu and Ngarrindjeri to the east of them.
[8] Ramindjeri, dubbed "Encounter Bay blacks", were observed holding a full moon ceremony at Onkaparinga by John Bull's 1837 water exploration party, guided by pre-1836 Sealer Nat Thomas.
[9] Ronald and Catherine Berndt's ethnographic study, which was conducted in the 1930s, identified six Kukabrak,[a] subsequently described as "Ngarrindjeri" clans, the Ramindjeri lakinyeri occupying the coast from Cape Jervis to a few kilometres south of Adelaide.
[10] Law professor Irene Watson wrote in a 2019 article about the Maria massacre: "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong.
[3] A native title claim was registered with the Federal Court in 2010, encompassing over 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi)[12] of land extending to the River Torrens on the north, Kangaroo Island on the west, and the Murray Mouth on the east.