Male green frogs use four different types of breeding calls to attract potential female mates.
Adult green frogs range from 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) in body length (snout to vent, excluding the hind legs).
The dorsolateral ridges, prominent, seam-like skin folds that run down the sides of the back, distinguish the green frog from the bullfrog, which entirely lacks them.
However, if there is abundant and quality habitat nearby, green frogs have the capability to flee from deforestation and are also somewhat tolerant of said destruction.
[12] Both water and air temperatures play a major role in timing and rates of breeding, larval development, time-to-time metamorphosis, size-at-metamorphosis, growth, and physiological parameters.
Vast exposure to chloride can result in many larvae having broken tails, swollen body cavities, a loss of pigment, and behavioral abnormalities.
As the temperature increased in the environment, the frogs had lower time-to-mortality and significantly higher hazard when compared to the controls.
This shows how temperature directly affects sensitivity to chemicals and thereby the development of the Green Frog by making their habitat more dangerous.
[11] Tadpoles will eat nearly anything organic, including diatoms, algae, and tiny amounts of small animals such as zooplankton (copepods and cladocerans).
[15] This sex reversal appears to be a natural condition but it is currently unknown whether these wild sex-reversed green frogs are able to breed.
The typical larval life of green frogs is between 70 and 360 days depending on the time of year in which the eggs were laid.
[17] Resident male frogs would also create loud splashing noises by jumping up and down in the water or by sitting in one place and rapidly kicking his hind legs.
These splashing displays were also performed in response to intruders entering their territories and by victorious males pursuing their opponents once again emphasizing another form in which these frogs maintain their dominance.
The resident male would retaliate by jumping at the frog and chasing him away or attacking the intruder and immediately clasping him around the head, waist, or one leg.
However, once there were two males who would present equal competition to one another thereby creating real contests for possession of lands, wrestling bouts ensued.
Soon after, the wrestling would begin and each frog would jump, swim, or splash at each other to attempt to secure a strong hold on the opponent.
[18][17][14] To emphasize their territory during breeding season, males advertise their positions with vocalizations and exhibit aggressive behavior including chases and jump attacks.
In contrast, females did not exhibit any particularly aggressive interactions since they normally spent the day hiding in vegetation while at night they foraged for resources.
These frogs tilt their head at a certain angle to allow their bright yellow throat to be exposed which is an act of presenting dominance and marking their own territory.
[20][19][14] Due to their environment being so dependent on water, pathogens, predators, and other deadly problems often trouble the Green Frog.
Several research studies have demonstrated that aquatic prey tend to avoid chemical cues as their form of an anti-predatory measure.
Experimenters hypothesize that presence of both of these cues are needed because the costs of fleeing their habitat may result in a massive loss of foraging opportunities.
Thus, when they choose to demonstrate spatial avoidance, there must be multiple chemical cues present in order for the benefits to outweigh the risks.
[23] Typically, when encountering predators, animals tend to develop anti-predator traits in order to promote reproductive success.
Consequently, the presence of fish and invertebrate predators plays a large role in size, shape, and swimming performance of the tadpoles of the Green Frog.
As a result, this can lead to some morphological differences between the subspecies within the Green Frog, which highlights divergent natural selection and adaptive phenotypic plasticity.