[2] In addition to the top ten and general rankings, independent rankings are also provided for universities and institutes in the categories of agriculture and veterinary science; arts and design; business; engineering and technology; and medicine.
[2] The HEC ranking uses five criteria, all of which have specific weightings and are summed to give an aggregate score out of 100.
[8] Following is the list of 13 Universities which appeared in 2022 - 2023 edition of QS World University Rankings:[9] Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) ranks the top 25% institutions and schools/faculties in the field of economics research, using its IDEAS database.
The database takes a number of factors into account, such as item citations, journals and working papers, authorship and field-based ranks.
It provides multi-dimensional listings for universities, in terms of academic fields as well as various education-specific indicators.
[21] According to its website, uniRank uses an algorithm including web metrics from Moz Domain Authority, Alexa Global Rank, SimilarWeb Global Rank, Majestic Referring Domains and Majestic Trust Flow.
[21] The top 10 results in Pakistan include the following universities: The HEC acknowledges that rankings are "a debatable subject all over the world".
[2] It defines its ranking system as a measure to strengthen the quality of higher education, provide a tool for self-assessment, as well as ensure that universities achieve domestic and international competitiveness in education, innovation and research.
Some critics claim the rankings give "more weight to quantity than quality" of research, faculty and other key factors.