Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States

The primary insignia was a number of bars or stars worn on the collar of the uniform coat or tunic.

The secondary insignia were Austrian knots, elaborate patterns sewed on the lower sleeves with the number of lines indicating the rank.

In addition the regulation Kepi had a similar knot pattern on sides and top but other hats without insignia were frequently worn.

They were colored according to service branch: Brass shoulder scales were worn on dress uniforms, with different features to signify enlisted ranks.

The small Confederate States Marine Corps utilized insignia almost identical to that of the Army with the major difference being changes in color or facing direction of chevrons.