Raphaël Horace Dubois (20 June 1849, Le Mans – 21 January 1929) was a French pharmacologist known for his work on bioluminescence and anesthesia.

In a subsequent paper he says: "The unique principle of everything, of both force and matter, I have called 'proteon,' and when it pertains to a living being, 'bioproteon'."

"[2]Dubois' bioluminescence work began when he became a research assistant to Paul Bert in 1882.

Dubois discovered that not only do the adults glow, but so do the unfertilized eggs, embryo, and larvae.

Dubois published a paper studying the light production of Pholas dactylus in 1887, in which he coined the terms luciferin and luciferase.