[1] In addition to its role in Darfur, RSF is deployed to patrol the border with Libya and round up Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees in response to the Khartoum process, which is an initiative between European and African states, including Sudan, to stem the flow of migrants to Europe.

[28] In April 2023, Al Jazeera reported that RSF had sought out Western public relations firms to burnish its image, including by editing Wikipedia pages.

[13] The gold mined in Sudan was sent to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, where RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo kept most of his money, which he used to fund his paramilitaries.

[28] Dagalo was funded by the United Arab Emirates and met with the leader of UAE, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, in February 2022.

The operation involved supplying potent weapons and drones to the RSF, providing medical treatment to wounded fighters, and airlifting severe cases to one of its military hospitals.

The U.S. representatives called on the UAE to collaborate with both the United States and the international community in order to facilitate a resolution that brings an end to the ongoing conflict, emphasizing the importance of a solution that aligns with the best interests of the Sudanese people.

The 78 page complaint alleged that the UAE planned and supported the RSF's aggression against Sudanese military with assistance from Chad, which was accused of complicity in the Emirates' actions.

In April 2024, SAF found six shipping crates of thermobaric munitions with markings indicating a shipment to the UAE under a contract with Adasi, a subsidiary of Edge group.

A January 2024 report by the UN Panel of Experts on Sudan deemed the UAE's alleged support to the RSF as "credible", and claimed that the Emirati weapons transfer constituted violations of the arms embargo.

[42] On 14 October 2024, Sudan denied the allegations, saying it would take legal action against the UAE and compel it for a compensation for the crisis it is causing in their country by consistently backing the RSF.

Sudanese Foreign Minister Hussein Awad expressed his disappointment over many countries echoing the "UAE's lie", stating that the Emirati allegations came from frustration over the disclosure of its support to the RSF militia.

The aircraft belonged to New Way Cargo of Kyrgyzstan, and was previously identified supplying arms to the RSF from the UAE via Aéroport International Maréchal Idriss Deby in Amdjarass.

Documents identified at the crash side included a Russian passport and an ID, belonging to Viktor Granov, who had links with a UAE-based company, Airline Transport Incorporation FZC.

Sudan alleged the UAE of hiring mercenaries to fight for the RSF, and presented evidence indicating that the militia fighters received medical treatment at Zayed Military Hospital in Abu Dhabi.

The letter urged the Security Council to condemn and hold the UAE responsible for its involvement in the conflict, claiming that the Emirati actions are against international law and the UN system.

The two U.S. lawmakers raised concerns about the government's decision to approve another weapons sale worth $1.2 billion to the UAE, while it is one of the primary foreign actors involved in intensifying the war in Sudan and warned that these arms could end up in the hands of the RSF.

[47] On 14 November 2024, an investigation by Amnesty International revealed that Nimr (armored personnel carrier), which are produced by the EDGE Group in the UAE and consolidated with the French Galix System, were being used by the RSF in Sudan.

Leaked documents and sources reportedly indicate that the Wagner Group has provided training and equipment, including armored vehicles and helicopter gunships, to Hemedti's forces.

[49] The Sudanese government has denied any connection to the Wagner Group, and the reports suggest that Hemedti may be using his position in the Sovereign Council to establish ties with the Russian company.

This lack of effective RSF administration, alongside the complexity of Sudanese ethnic tensions and alliances shaped by the fighting, have seriously undermined Hemedti's ambition to transcend his warlord persona.

[66] A report by The Wall Street Journal revealed that mercenaries were becoming a tool for foreign actors like the UAE and Egypt for attaining a strategic advantage in the Sudan war.

[71]The RSF, a rebranded name for the notorious Janjaweed militia, has committed or been accused of engaging in several crimes in different parts of Sudan such as Darfur, South Kordofan, and Khartoum, these violations include burning villages,[72] raping women, unlawful detention[73] of activists, and repurposing[74] hospitals and churches as shields.

[20][21][22] During the first day of Eid al-Fitr in Sudan, in June 2019, there were reports that RSF tied bricks of cement to the bodies of dead protestors to make them sink to the bottom of the Nile and never be found.

[79] On 6 June 2019, Kumi Naidoo, the head of Amnesty International, called for the [immediate withdrawal of] all members of the Rapid Support Forces from policing and law enforcement anywhere in Sudan and especially in Khartoum.

During the 2023 Sudan conflict, the militia members have reportedly committed crimes such as looting of houses and evicting their residents,[85] sexual violence,[86] and repurposing[74] churches and hospitals as shields.

In a report released on 28 July 2024, Human Rights Watch documented widespread acts of sexual violence, including gang rape and forced marriages, committed by RSF in Khartoum since the onset of the conflict.

[89] On 12 November 2024, the U.S. sanctioned RSF commander in East Darfur Abdel Rahman Juma Barkalla over serious human rights violations, including allegations of harm to civilians in conflict, sexual violence, and ethnically motivated attacks.

[90] On 7 January 2025, the U.S. government officially accused Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of committing genocide and imposed sanctions on the group's leader, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo.