the Raptors MoU) is an international, legally non-binding agreement to protect migratory birds of prey.
[1][2] As they are at the top of the food chain, these species may be among the first to be affected by environmental pressures such as drought, habitat degradation, and the use of pesticides.[3][4][5].
[6]Their slow reproduction rate makes them also particularly exposed to the impact of persecution, (illegal killing, poisoning and trapping).
[5][9] As of late 2015, there were sixty-one Signatories to the agreement: Angola, Armenia, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, the Czech Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa), Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, the European Union, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Yemen.
[10] Other countries where species covered by the agreement occur include: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, China, Cyprus, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Gabon, Georgia, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malawi, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Oman, Poland, Qatar, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Rwanda, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Est, Tajikistan, Macedonia, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.