In 1916, both of his parents became actively involved with the Unity Church formed in Rochester that year, with Barker attending the Sunday school.
In 1944, Barker accepted a co-ministry with Elizabeth Carrick-Cook at the San Francisco Institute of Religious Science.
He had first met Carrick-Cook at the 1940 International New Thought Alliance Congress that she and her Absolute Science Center hosted.
It marked the beginning of a close friendship that introduced Barker to the teachings of the English metaphysician Frederick Lawrence Rawson, whose work in America had been continued by Carrick-Cook's late husband, Jay Williams Cook.
Some of his students included future Religious Science leaders Stuart Grayson and Louise Hay.