[2] Such a coalition has been discussed almost exclusively in the context of local politics in Graz, Austria's second-largest city, where the KPÖ has maintained a strong presence since the late 1990s.
[3] In the 2021 Graz local election, the three "red–red–green" parties won a majority on the city council and subsequently formed a coalition government.
[7] Furthermore, minority governments between the SPD and Greens received external support from The Left (previously the PDS) in Saxony-Anhalt from 1994 to 1998, Berlin from 2001 to 2002, and North Rhine-Westphalia from 2010 to 2012.
In 2009, a group of MdBs from the SPD, Left, and Green parties began attending joint meetings at Berlin's Café Walden.
[16] It consisted of the Social Democrats, Left Party and Greens in the Riksdag, sitting in opposition to the centre-right Alliance for Sweden coalition government.
[17] The Social Democrats and Greens maintained close cooperation and formed a minority coalition government after the 2014 general election, with the Left Party providing confidence and supply.