[2] One such reduction, (Swedish: Fjärdepartsräfsten) under Charles X Gustav of Sweden in 1655, intended at restoring a quarter of "donations" made after 1632.
The reductions carried out during the reign of Charles XI seem to have resulted in 1,950,000 daler silvermynt in annual rent of which 700,000 were from Sweden and Finland, the core of the Swedish Empire.
Since the fiefs that were reduced might have changed owners over the course of many generations, the reduction resulted not only in the loss of the fiefdoms but the cancellation of inheritances from times past, purchases, exchanges, etc.
Especially in Livonia, an old feudal state in which all land since the establishment of the Teutonic Order had been in the hands of the nobility, the demands had profound consequences.
Serfs on the reduced fiefdoms were now transferred to the Swedish Crown, which caused dissatisfaction among members of the Baltic German nobility and led, in particular, to Livonian nobleman, Johann Patkul (1660–1707) conspiring with Peter the Great (1672-1725) of Russia and Augustus the Strong of Saxony (1670–1733), to start the Great Northern War against Sweden.