The end results of reflux nephropathy can include high blood pressure, excessive protein loss in the urine, and eventually kidney failure.
When reflux nephropathy is suspected as a cause of kidney disease, other conditions to consider include chronic pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy, and analgesic overuse.
[2] The abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into one or both the ureters leads to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is a direct consequence of incompetent and mislocated ureterovesical valves.
[medical citation needed] Children with reflux nephropathy have higher risk of developing kidney scarring and hypertension in later life.
Those children with grade II or worse should receive low dose prophylactic antibiotics (Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, cefalexin in those with CRF).