[1] It subsequently became part of the common law that all persons must assist a constable or peace officer when so requested.
[3][4] As a common law offence, it is punishable with an unlimited fine and imprisonment,[3] although it is very rarely prosecuted.
Various jurisdictions require an individual to assist a law enforcement officer when requested, to varying levels of criminal punishment, from violation to misdemeanor: §507.
(b) A person is not liable under this section if the failure or refusal to aid the officer was reasonable under the circumstances.
This subsection does not preclude liability for civil damages as a result of reckless, wilful, wanton, or intentional misconduct.
The following penal code was repealed on August 30, 2019 by governor Gavin Newsom with the passage and signing of California State Senate Bill 192.
[20] 2010 Georgia Code Title 17 - Criminal Procedure Chapter 4 - Arrest of Persons Article 2 - Arrest by Law Enforcement Officers Generally § 17-4-24 - Duty of law enforcement officers to execute penal warrants; summoning of posses[21]
[25] Whoever upon command refuses or knowingly fails reasonably to aid a person known by him to be a peace officer in: (a) Apprehending a person whom the officer is authorized to apprehend; or (b) Preventing the commission by another of any offense, commits a petty offense.
Information Maintained by the Office of Code Revision Indiana Legislative Services Agency
A person who, unreasonably and without lawful cause, refuses or neglects to render assistance when so requested commits a simple misdemeanor.
[28] Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
[29] (1) A law enforcement officer making an arrest may command the assistance of any person who may be in the vicinity.
[30] Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties to those who refuse their assistance.
B. Whoever violates this Section may be punished by fine, at the discretion of the court, not exceeding twenty-five dollars.
Any law enforcement officer may require suitable aid in the execution of official duties in criminal and traffic infraction cases for the following reasons: 2.
Any person required to aid a law enforcement officer under this section who neglects or refuses to do so commits a civil violation for which a forfeiture of not less than $3 nor more than $50 to be paid to the county may be adjudged.
[38] Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
; prize fights; blasphemy, profanity, and obscene language, desecrating the flag; refusing to assist an officer; and any attempts to commit any of these offenses.
Source - Laws 1977, LB 38, § 188 Chapter 199 Crimes Against Public Justice NRS 199.270 Refusal to make arrest or to aid officer.
Title LIX: Proceedings In Criminal Cases Chapter 612: Uniform Criminal Extradition Law 612:9 Authority Of Arresting Officer[45] Every peace officer or other person empowered to make an arrest pursuant to RSA 612:8 shall have the same authority to command assistance in arresting the accused as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
2009 New Jersey Code Title 2A - Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice 2A:160-17 - Authority of officer making arrest; assistance given[46] Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
Chapter 30: Criminal Offenses Article 22: Interference with Law Enforcement, 30-22-1 through 30-22-27 Section 30-22-2: Refusing to aid an officer.
(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of failure to aid a law enforcement officer, a minor misdemeanor.
[1971 c.743 §199; 1999 c.1051 §150] 2012 Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 42 - Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Chapter 91 - Detainers and Extradition Section 9130 - Authority of arresting officer § 9130.
[56] Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest shall have the same authority in arresting the accused to command assistance therein as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
Any person refusing to assist as one of the posse comitatus in the service or execution of such process, when required by the sheriff, deputy sheriff, constable or other officer shall be liable to be indicted therefor and upon conviction shall be fined and imprisoned, at the discretion of the court any person who shall fail to respond and render assistance when summoned by a deputy sheriff to assist in enforcing the laws and in arresting violators or suspected violators thereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction shall be fined not less than thirty nor more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned for thirty days.
Every such peace officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein, as peace officers have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.
(2) Refusing to summon aid for a peace officer is a misdemeanor TBC[clarification needed] West Virginia Code Chapter 61.
Chapter 946: Crimes Against Government and its Administration Subchapter IV: Interference With Law Enforcement 946.40 Refusing to aid officer.
[69] Every officer or other person authorized by the governor to make the arrest has the same authority in arresting the accused to command assistance as sheriffs and other officers have in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with the like penalties against those who refuse their assistance.