France has a multi-party political system: one in which the number of competing political parties is sufficiently large as to make it almost inevitable that, in order to participate in the exercise of power, any single party must be prepared to negotiate with one or more others with a view to forming electoral alliances and/or coalition agreements.
The dominant French political parties are also characterised by a noticeable degree of intra-party factionalism, making each of them effectively a coalition in itself.
Up until recently, the government of France had alternated between two rather stable coalitions: This was the case until the 2017 presidential election, when Emmanuel Macron of the centrist La République En Marche!
defeated Marine Le Pen of the far-right National Rally in the second round.
This was followed shortly by a significant victory for LREM in the 2017 legislative election, winning a majority of 350 seats.