Reiner Klimke (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnɐ ˈklɪmkə] ⓘ; 14 January 1936 – 17 August 1999) was a German equestrian, who won six gold and two bronze medals in dressage at the Summer Olympics — a record for equestrian events that has since been surpassed.

Klimke also had a fine record at the World Championships, winning six gold medals: two individual, in 1974 on Mehmed and in 1982 on Ahlerich, and four team: 1966, 1974, 1982, 1986.

At the European Championships, he was the individual champion in 1967, 1973, and 1985 and rode on seven winning West German teams (1965, 1973, 1983, 1985, and others) .

With his wife, Ruth (also a top show jumping and dressage rider), he had three children: Ingrid, Rolf, and Michael.

Klimke not only rode and trained, but also ran a law firm and served on several boards, including the FEI Dressage Committee.