According to the 2018 census, 86.7% percent of the population is Muslim, 7.6% Protestant, 3.12% Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1% Buddhist, <1% Confucianism, <1% other, and <1% unstated or not asked.
Although these groups have the right to establish a house of worship, obtain identity cards, and register marriages and births, they sometimes face administrative difficulties in doing so.
Legally, identity card applications are now acceptable when the "religion" section is left blank; however, members of some groups reported that they sometimes faced obstacles.
[5] The website has repeatedly been switched off, and the Baháʼí center in Jakarta was abandoned during most of 2013 and 2014 The 2006 Revised Joint Ministerial Decrees on Construction of Houses of Worship, which has been criticized as unconstitutional, requires any group attempting to build a house of worship to obtain signatures from 90 potential members, 60 households of a different faith, and various local authorities.
[6] In addition, Shi'a Muslims are at increased risk of attack and are being pressured by anti-Shi'a groups to convert to Sunni Islam.
Civil rights activists, members of the Presidential Advisory Council, and leaders from Muhammadiyah and Nadhlatul Ulama continued to assert that any such ban would be unconstitutional and contrary to the principles of Islam.
On 1 January 2012 a religious decree (fatwa) was issued by the Sampang branch of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) about what they described as Tajul Muluk's "deviant teachings", and two days later a police report was filed against him.
[19] In 2021, police arrested 11 suspected Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) members for allegedly plotting to kill the Catholic Archbishop of Merauke and attack several churches; they were given prison sentences ranging from 2 to 3.5 years.
Alexander Aan, a 30-year-old civil servant from Pulau Punjung subdistrict in West Sumatera province gave up his belief in God as he considered the current state of the world.
On 18 January 2012 an angry crowd who had heard about his alleged Facebook posts gathered at his workplace and threatened to beat him.
On 14 June the court sentenced him to two and a half years' imprisonment and a fine of 100 million rupiah (US$10,600) for violating the Electronic Information and Transaction (ITE) Law.
Local government officials in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) recognized the marriages of Ahmadiyya followers.
[22] In March 2020, 15 Indonesians filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court arguing that the closure of thousands of places of worship was being done under a discriminatory law, the 2006 Religious Harmony regulation.
[24] In 2022, the Setara Institute on Democracy and Peace noted a total of 333 incidents involving infringment on religious freedom;[3] these were mainly against non-Sunni Muslims and were highest in East Java.
Atheism is not accepted, and the criminal code contains provisions against blasphemy, penalizing those who “distort” or “misrepresent” recognized faiths.