Chaloult first won a seat to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1936 election in the district of Kamouraska.

In 1937, he and colleagues Oscar Drouin, Joseph-Ernest Grégoire, Philippe Hamel and Adolphe Marcoux left the Union Nationale.

[3] Chaloult joined the Liberals and won re-election in the 1939 election as the Member for the district of Lotbinière.

Each year on July 1, he would fly the Quebec flag outside his summer home at half-staff to show his nationalist inclinations.

However, the opportunistic government of Maurice Duplessis instead issued a decree creating the current Quebec flag.