Repatriation
Involuntary or forced repatriation is the return of refugees, prisoners of war, or civil detainees to their country of origin under circumstances that leave no other viable alternatives.
[9][8] The forced return of people to any country where "life or freedom would be threatened" due to "race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion" is against Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees according to non-refoulement.
[11] Repatriation is linked with health care due to the costs and resources associated with providing medical treatment to travelers and immigrants pursuing citizenship.
The method of repatriation could be via regular flight, by ground, or by air ambulance which ever is deemed necessary subjected to the medical condition of patient and cost in mind.
Repatriation hospitals were established in some countries to care for the ongoing medical and health requirements of returned military personnel.
The term repatriation was often used by Communist governments to describe the large-scale state-sponsored ethnic cleansing actions and expulsion of national groups.
After the fall of the Iron Curtain and end of Bosnian War increased repatriation, deportation and readmission agreements were observed in Europe.
[16] The Korean War marked the first time that the United States or any nation began returning the bodies of battlefield casualties as soon as possible.
[17] Repatriation laws give non-citizen foreigners who are part of the titular majority group the opportunity to immigrate and receive citizenship.
Most countries in central and eastern Europe as well as Armenia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Philippines, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey have longstanding repatriation legislation.
Many other countries such as Jordan and Sweden have (or have had) generous immigration policies with regard to the nation's diaspora without having formally enacted repatriation laws.
In comparison, one of the central tenets of the Rastafari movement is the desirability of the repatriation of black people from the Americas and elsewhere back to Africa.
These difficulties are highly influenced by a number of factors including self-management, spouse's adjustment, time spent abroad and skill utilisation.
[citation needed] Basic support can consist, for example, of good communication in advance, during and after the international assignment, or a mentor program to assist the repatriate.
In the United States, Native Americans' human remains are uncovered and removed from their burial sites in the construction/land development process or as part of archaeological excavations.
Another example can be seen through the dedicated work of the Karanga Aotearoa Repatriation Programme, established in partnership between Māori and the New Zealand government in 2003.
An example of this kind of repatriation would be the Coffin of Nedjemankh being returned to Egypt after its illegal purchase by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
There are four main methods of repatriation: Dividends and Profits, Royalties, Management Service Fees and Intercompany Loans.
Generally, foreign direct investment in CFC's are not taxed until a dividend is paid to the controlling U.S. parent company, and is thus repatriated.
(FN: See IRC 951–965) There are currently hundreds of billions of dollars of Foreign direct investment in CFC's because of the disincentive to repatriate those earnings.
