It facilitates the monitoring of ovarian reserve, follicular dynamics and associated biomarkers in females,[7] as well as semen analysis in males.
[9] There are many forms of contraception, but the term covers any method or device which is intended to prevent pregnancy in a sexually active woman.
Same-sex procreation would remove the need for lesbian and gay couples to rely on a third party donation of a sperm or an egg for reproduction.
[16][17] In 2008, research was done specifically for methods on creating human female sperm using artificial or natural Y chromosomes and testicular transplantation.
For example, no federal government reimbursement exists for IVF in the United States, although certain states have insurance mandates for ART[24] Many issues of reproductive technology have given rise to bioethical issues, since technology often alters the assumptions that lie behind existing systems of sexual and reproductive morality.
The introduction of vitrification, a rapid-freezing method that prevents the formation of ice crystals, has markedly improved post-thaw survival rates and oocyte viability.
This method employs high concentrations of cryoprotectants to ensure cellular integrity while maintaining spindle structure and chromosomal alignment.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) are the primary markers used to evaluate the remaining oocyte pool.
AMH, secreted by granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles, offers a cycle-independent, minimally invasive method for predicting ovarian response in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Critics argue that societal pressures may drive unnecessary interventions, while proponents highlight the empowerment of individuals in making reproductive choices.