[1] As a result, resource nationalism conflicts with the interests of multinational corporations.
The approach of peak oil during price fluctuation leads many governments to take ownership or control of fossil fuel reservoirs for strategic and economic reasons.
It is mainly enforced as an economic policy in an authoritarian or populist style[3] by governments that rely on state ownership or control of natural resources located within their territories to advance political, social or industrial objectives.
A recent tide of resource nationalism appeared during the period of economic liberalisation in Latin America in the 1990s,[4] with populations and governments looking for independence of the country in terms of export and resources.
Governments that have adopted elements of resource nationalism include Bolivia under Evo Morales, Argentina under Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and Venezuela under Hugo Chávez.