Each state elected three senators to serve a six-year term beginning on 1 July 1923, except for Queensland, who elected an extra senator to fill a casual vacancy.

[1] The election saw the Nationalist Party retain its majority in the Senate.

However, Labor saw better results than the previous election, winning the popular vote and 11 of the 19 contested seats.

Following the death of Nationalist senator John Adamson in May 1922, Labor member John MacDonald was appointed by the Legislative Assembly of Queensland to fill the casual vacancy.

[7][8] As a result, Queensland elected four senators, with the fourth senator elected sitting the remainder of Adamson's term ending on 30 June 1926.