Moreover, the author notes the following:"It is particularly striking that the number of papers retracted for fraud increased more than sevenfold in the 6 years between 2004 and 2009.
For example, increased rates of fraud in recent years may simply indicate that journals are doing a better job of policing the scientific literature than they have in the past.
[5] During the COVID-19 pandemic, academia had seen a quick increase in fast-track peer-review articles dealing with SARS-CoV-2 problems.
[14] A low percentage of retracted papers can be due to unintentional error within the author(s) work.
Rather than removing the entire article, retraction with replacement has been a new practice to help authors avoid being seen as dishonest for mistakes that were not purposefully done.
Most researchers publish honest work and sometimes simple mistakes happen to be overlooked by the peer review process.
For example, today new technologies are being developed in a culture of transparency to align the opportunity to record false claims.
[16] Another solution is for researchers to use a term “self-citation” since citations look identical therefore they are classified in databases.