Anzavur Ahmed Pasha

Anzavur Ahmed Anchok Pasha (Adyghe: Анцокъу Ахьмэд Анзауыр Пащэ, romanized: Antsoqw Ahməd Anzawır Paşə; Turkish: Ahmet Anzavur Paşa; 1885 – 15 April 1921) was an Ottoman soldier, gendarme officer, pasha, and militia leader of Circassian origin.

After the Ottomans lost the war, he believed that the only route to salvation was to cooperate with the invading British forces, as he was loyal to the caliph, and he believed Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Turkish National Movement was not only blasphemous, but also would eventually fail and do nothing but anger the British-Greek forces.

Thus, he became a guerrilla leader in Anatolia and started a series of unsuccessful revolts against the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly.

[2] Anzavur's declaration to the people of Manyas was that he intended to capture or kill Hacim Muhittin Çarıklı, the Nationalist commander in the region of Balıkesir.

[2] Anzavur sent two telegrams the following day, one to the sultan and the other to Karesi Mustarrif Ali Riza, stating, "It is the duty of all true Muslims to defeat the Nationalists".

[2] Anzavur took a cohort of his followers to carry out attacks on the provisional Turkish government's offices and troops, all the while recruiting more men during November 1919.

[3] After avoiding talks with Nationalists about the cessation of hostilities, Anzavur and his men were labeled common criminals and tools of the British and the palace.

He attempted to recruit local Circassians for the nationalist Kuva-yi Milliye, but scholars believe that he was unsuccessful.

Hamidi was cornered, trying to link up with other military officers in the area, by Pomaks and tied, beaten, and killed by having his neck snapped.

[8] Shortly after, a former regional inspector named Samih Rıfat Horozcu was sent to plead with the locals to rejoin the Nationalists, but his pleas fell on deaf ears.

[9] On 4 April, troops led by Anzavur and Gavur Imam entered Gönen, executing and pillaging with little resistance.

[12] With the outbreak of a revolt in Düzce, the Ottoman government announced the creation of a new army, the Kuva-i Inzibatiye, to put down the Nationalist Kuva-yi Milliye.