It is found in Eritrea, Albania, Algeria, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Congo, Cote D'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guam, Guinea, India, Israel, Jordan, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Portugal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, and Turkey.

[3] It is an obligate ectoparasite of domestic mammals such as cattle, horse, sheep, dog.

[4] Its ability to be a vector of babesiosis pathogens was discovered by Theobald Smith and Frederick L.

[5] It shows a one-host lifecycle, where all larva, nymphs and adults live in one host.

After attaining sexual maturity and copulating, the female detaches from the host and lays eggs on vegetation.