[3] Cold War dichotomy of right versus left defined power of the state and of the individual in aspects of society based on political affiliation.
[4] The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet bloc left Western values and ideas, which remains one of the main ideologies of the world.
If the state or another vehicle, such as an NGO, provides the absent good, then poverty can be alleviated and development will occur.
[14] Rights-based approach works to shift the paradigm away from charity and towards moral duty imposed on the world through the international consensus of human rights.
Also the success of nonprofit and NGOs is shown through tangible results, leading organizations more toward service delivery than capacity building.
NGOs that use a rights-based approach in policy decisions have a large problem with gaining legal status or enforcement of the human rights they are defending.
There have been many international legal documents developed by the United Nations on behalf of human rights issues that all members of the UN have to abide by.
[19] The social contract theory proclaims that rights such as life, liberty, and property belong to the individuals and not to society.
Today, social contracts come in the form of national constitutions, which provide rules explaining and protecting individual rights.
NGDOs (non-governmental development organizations) focus on downward accountability to ensure the intended beneficiaries are being allowed their rights.
MDGs are the goals set forth by the UN member states to work for the alleviation of extreme poverty, fighting of disease, and other global problems.
To have internationally understood human rights allows NGOs, governments, and corporations to be held accountable for their actions.
To switch to a rights-based approach to development would then lead to using internationally agreed upon human rights as a responsibility of governments to provide.
Within this theory development will no longer be viewed as a gift or a need, but rather a right that states and governments are held accountable for.
The design of these programs also stresses that the donations are not a gift but rather that the people are finally receiving the human rights treatment they deserve.
Education is also to inform the governments, international organizations and donor agencies that are dealing with human rights their roles and responsibilities.
It is also designed for NGOs, international organizations, donor agencies and governments to be held to a higher standard of responsibility.
[25] The shift towards a rights-based approach to development forced Oxfam to reexamine its funding, a deeper examination into the state's role as a duty bearer, and using civil society as a vehicle for citizens to empowered to stand up for their rights.
[23] NGOs that have implemented these ESC rights are focusing much of their attention on increasing the standard of living to be healthy and safe.
Their intentions are to implement support for programs to incorporate both development and human rights in an interdisciplinary fashion.
UNDP was also present at UN-sponsored conferences in relation to a rights-based approach to development that included the UN Millennium Summit.
UNDP also provides tools for governments and donor agencies to support the rights-based approach to development.
[clarification needed] However, it has still implemented rights-based approach strategies with the programs UNICEF is helping to fund.
[24] NGOs transitioning to rights-based approach have to redefine missions, test new methodologies, reallocate funding, and train staff.
The program needs to address human rights deficits related to certain groups, communities, or countries facing abuses or discrimination.
Goals are also created during this step in order to analyze the program's effectiveness in a human rights context at the end of the project.
Finally, NGOs encourage control over the project by the affected peoples, utilizing the Right to Participate principle.
[30] To determine the effectiveness of a project, it is essential all inputs, outputs, goals, and outcomes are assessed through a human rights lens.
Simply stating that governments and corporations should now be responsible for development as an issue of human rights does not mean that any changes in procedures will occur.
[clarification needed] The pre-existing presence of these issues suggests that changing the terminology will not increase the effectiveness of the state.